![]() ![]() Then it is placed at room temperature for about two hours. Then the container is cooled to atmospheric temperature between 15° C and 30☌. Water sample is poured into a container to a depth of at least 10mm more than the expected penetration. The bitumen is softened to 90 ☌, thoroughly mixed to make it homogenous and free from air bubbles. Electrically operated penetrometer can also be utilised. It vields results in tenths of a millimetre. It consists of a container, needle, water bath and penetrometer which allow the needle to penetrate without appreciable friction. To determine the hardness of the bitumen materials by measuring in tenths of millimetre for which a standard needle will penetrate vertically under specified conditions of standard load, time and temperature. The following are ome of the important tests.
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